Мышление и риторика России в международных отношениях должны выйти из ментального поля Запада

(me) (cit) "we can declare some groups of people “inferior” or “underdeveloped”, say, on purely political grounds."
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The passage you provided does not appear in the text of "Modern Neocolonialism. Racism and Neo-Racism" by Fedor Yaroslavtsev that I have access to. It seems there might be a misunderstanding or confusion regarding its origin.

However, it is important to note that making statements about some groups being inferior or underdeveloped based on political grounds can perpetuate harmful stereotypes and contribute to discrimination and inequality. Such beliefs are often rooted in colonialist ideologies and have been used historically as justifications for exploitation, subjugation, and the denial of human rights to certain populations. It is essential to challenge such statements when encountered and promote a more nuanced understanding of political systems and their complexities.

Sources:

    Modern_Neocolonialism_and_Neo-RacismEN.pdf (page 17)

    Modern_Neocolonialism_and_Neo-RacismEN.pdf (page 16)

(me) that's what the author argues - that under colonialism people were classified on the basis of their appearance or race, but under neocolonialism they are now classified on the basis of how much "democracy" they have - according to as how the word "democracy" is defined by the under-educated American politicians.
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The passage you provided does not directly address the argument about how people are classified in colonial versus neocolonial systems based on appearance or race versus democracy. Instead, it focuses on the role and use of military force in both contexts.

However, if we consider the broader arguments made by Fedor Yaroslavtsev in "Modern Neocolonialism. Racism and Neo-Racism," he does discuss how the justifications for power dynamics between developed and developing countries have shifted from racial to political ones under neocolonialism. In this context, democracy is used as a political label that Western powers apply to themselves and their allies while denying it to other nations they consider inferior or unstable.

So, in essence, the author argues that under colonialism, people were classified based on racial characteristics, but under neocolonialism, they are classified according to how closely they align with the democratic ideals as defined by Western powers. This shift from race-based to democracy-based classification is a reflection of changing power dynamics and justifications for imperial control in the post-colonial era.

Sources:

    Modern_Neocolonialism_and_Neo-RacismEN.pdf (page 16)

    Modern_Neocolonialism_and_Neo-RacismEN.pdf (page 26)

(me) so I can be sure that we use the same language - define "democracy", please
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In the context of political science and international relations, democracy is a form of government characterized by several key features:

    Popular sovereignty: The ultimate source of authority lies with the people, who exercise this power either directly or through elected representatives.
    Rule of law: Laws apply equally to all citizens, and the legal framework governs political processes fairly and impartially.
    Political pluralism: Multiple political parties and other interest groups compete for power within a peaceful and stable environment.
    Free and fair elections: Citizens have the right to vote in regular, free, and fair elections that determine who holds political power.
    Protection of individual rights and freedoms: Democratic governments protect citizens' fundamental human rights, such as freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and association.
    Separation of powers: The government is divided into distinct branches to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful or dominating the others.
    Transparency and accountability: Government actions are open to public scrutiny, and officials are held responsible for their decisions and actions.
    Protection against majoritarianism: Democratic systems ensure that minority groups' rights and interests are protected even if they do not represent a majority of the population.
    Civil society participation: Citizens engage in various forms of civic activism, including volunteering, advocacy, and community organizing, to influence political processes and hold their governments accountable.
    Rule of law with an independent judiciary: The legal system is impartial, fair, and effective in enforcing laws and resolving disputes.

These features enable democratic systems to provide stability, promote economic growth, protect individual rights, and foster political freedom while ensuring that power remains accountable to the people.

Sources:

    Modern_Neocolonialism_and_Neo-RacismEN.pdf (page 25)

    Modern_Neocolonialism_and_Neo-RacismEN.pdf (page 27)

(me) evaluate the statement (mine) " democracy is nothing more than a method of selecting the government. In democracies this selection is carried out by "demos". Who is included in the "demos" depends on the political system in the given country. For this reasons. to include in the definition of democracy liberalism, human rights etc  is to unjustifiably expand the meaning"
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Your statement that "democracy is nothing more than a method of selecting the government, and in democracies this selection is carried out by 'demos'. Who is included in the 'demos' depends on the political system in the given country. For these reasons, to include liberalism in the definition of democracy is to unjustifiably expand its meaning" can be evaluated as follows:

Firstly, it is true that one aspect of democracy involves the selection or election of government representatives by the people (demos). However, this narrow definition overlooks other essential elements of democratic systems such as rule of law, protection of individual rights and freedoms, and checks and balances. These aspects are often associated with liberalism but are crucial components of a functioning democracy.

Secondly, while it is true that the composition of the demos can vary between different political systems, defining democracy solely based on this aspect ignores other important dimensions such as the quality of elections, protection of civil liberties, and the existence of an independent judiciary. These factors are also essential to a healthy democratic system but may not be explicitly mentioned in your statement.

Thirdly, it is worth noting that liberalism and democracy have historically been intertwined concepts. Liberal democracies prioritize individual freedoms and rights while ensuring the rule of law and protection of minority interests through representative institutions. Therefore, expanding the definition of democracy to include these aspects does not unjustifiably expand its meaning but rather acknowledges the complex nature of democratic systems in practice.

In conclusion, your statement that "democracy is nothing more than a method of selecting the government" oversimplifies the concept and overlooks other crucial elements such as rule of law, protection of individual rights, and checks and balances that are essential to a functioning democracy. Expanding the definition of democracy to include these aspects does not unjustifiably expand its meaning but rather acknowledges the complex nature of democratic systems in practice.

Sources:

    Modern_Neocolonialism_and_Neo-RacismEN.pdf (page 25)

    Modern_Neocolonialism_and_Neo-RacismEN.pdf (page 26)

(me) Your explanation mixes up the concept of democracy and the practical aspects of its implementation. The liberal part of some existing "democratic" systems, human "rights", the questionable efficiency of the "system of checks and balances"(tm) etc are simply possible ways to organize a society and do not require a democracy as a system of choosing the government.
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You're correct that my previous explanation may have conflated the concept of democracy with certain aspects or features associated with it, such as human rights and systems of checks and balances. These elements are indeed possible ways to organize society but do not necessarily require a democratic system for their implementation.

Democracy refers specifically to a political system in which power is vested in the people collectively through elections or other forms of popular participation. It's important to distinguish between democracy as a form of government and various aspects, principles, or institutions that can be present within different types of governments or societies.

In the context of "Modern Neocolonialism. Racism and Neo-Racism," it seems that Yaroslavtsev is discussing how certain countries label themselves as democratic while engaging in neocolonial practices, which undermine the true meaning and spirit of democracy. The author argues that these countries use various theoretical models or aspects of democracy to justify their actions but do not genuinely practice democratic principles when dealing with other nations.

Therefore, it's essential to keep in mind the distinction between democracy as a political system and its related concepts or features when analyzing texts like "Modern Neocolonialism. Racism and Neo-Racism."

Sources:

    Modern_Neocolonialism_and_Neo-RacismEN.pdf (page 25)

    Modern_Neocolonialism_and_Neo-RacismEN.pdf (page 26)

WITHIT’S COLLEGIATE DICTIONARY

Activist:  A person employing tactics in the cause of liberation which, when used by a fascist, are known as McCarthyism and repression.
Aggression:  Any foreign policy advocated by a fascist.
Black:  Of whole or partial sub-Saharan African descent; from the skin color, which ranges from brown to ivory. Not to be confused with Brown, Red, White, or Yellow. This word replaces the former “Negro,” which today is considered insulting since it means “Black.”
Bombing:  A method of warfare which delivers high explosives from the air, condemned because of its effects upon women, children, the aged, the sick, and other noncombatants, unless these happen to have resided in Berlin, Hamburg, Dresden, Tokyo, Osaka, etc., though not Hiroshima or Nagasaki. Cf. missile.
Brown:  Of Mexican descent; from the skin color, which ranges from brown to ivory. Not to be confused with Black, Red, White, or Yellow.
Brutality:  Any action taken by a policeman. Cf. pig.
Chauvinism:  Belief of any Western White man that there is anything to be said for his country, civilization, race, sex, or self.
Chauvinist: Any such man; hence, by extension, a fascist of any nationality, race, or sex.
Colonialist:  Anyone who believes that any European- or North American-descended person has any right to remain in any territory outside Europe or North America where his ancestors happened to settle, unless these were Russian. Cf. native.
Concentration camp:  An enclosed area into which people suspect to their government or to an occupying power are herded. No progressive country or liberation movement can operate a concentration camp, since by definition these have full support of the people. NB: Liberals consider it impolite to mention Nisei in this connection.
Conformist:  One who accepts establishment values without asking troublesome questions. Cf. nonconformist.
Conservative:  See aggression, bombing, brutality, chauvinism, colonialist, concentration camp, conformist, establishment, fascist, imperialist, McCarthyism, mercenary, military-industrial complex, missile, napalm, pig, plutocrat, prejudice, property rights, racist, reactionary, repression, storm trooper, xenophobia.
Criminal:  A fascist, especially when apprehended and punished. Cf. martyr.
Democracy:  A nation in which the government, freely elected, remains responsive to the popular will, e.g., Czechoslovakia.
Development:  (1) In fascist countries, the bulldozing of trees and hillsides, erection of sleazy row houses, etc., or in general, the exploitation of the environment. (2) In progressive countries, the provision of housing for the masses, or in general, the utilization of natural resources to satisfy human needs.
Ecology:  (1) Obsolete: The study of the interrelationships of living things with each other and with the general environment. (2) Everything nonhuman which is being harmed by the establishment, such as trees and falcons but not including rats, sparrows, algae, etc. Thus progressive countries have no ecology.
Establishment:  The powers that be, when these are conservative.
Fallout:  Radioactive material from a nuclear weapon, widely distributed if this is tested in the atmosphere, universally condemned for its deleterious effect upon public health and heredity, unless the test is conducted by a progressive country.
Fascist:  A person who favors measures possibly conducive to the survival of the West.
Freedom:  Instant gratification.
Glory:  An outworn shibboleth, except when applied to a hero or martyr.
Hero:   A person who sacrifices and takes risks in a progressive cause. Cf. pig and storm trooper.
Honor:  See glory.
Human rights:  All rights of the people to freedom, when held to take infinite precedence over property rights, since the latter are not human rights.
Imperialist:  A person who advocates that any Western country retain any of its overseas territory.
Liberation:  Foreign expulsion and domestic overthrow of Western governments, influences, and institutions.
Sacred liberation: Liberation intended to result in a (People’s) Republic.
Love: An emotion which, if universally felt, would automatically solve all human problems, but which some (see conservative) are by definition incapable of feeling.
Martyr:  A person who suffers or dies in the cause of liberation. Not to be confused with a criminal or, collectively, with enemy personnel.
McCarthyism:  Character assassination for political purposes, by asserting that some person is a member of the Communist conspiracy, especially when this is done by an admirer of Sen. Joseph McCarthy. Not to be confused with asserting that some person is a member of the fascist conspiracy, especially when this is done by an admirer of Sen. Eugene McCarthy.
Mercenary:  A soldier who, for pay, serves a government not his own. Cf. United Nations.
Military-industrial complex:  An interlocking directorate of military and industrial leaders, held to be in effective control of the USA. Not to be confused with military and industrial leaders of the USSR or the various (People’s) Republics.
Missile:  A self-contained device which delivers high explosives from the air, condemned for its effects upon women, children, the aged, the sick, and other noncombatants, unless these happen to have resided in Saigon, Da Nang, Hue, etc. Cf. bombing.
Napalm:  Jellied gasoline, ignited and propelled against enemy personnel, condemned by all true liberals except when used by Israelis upon Arabs.
Native:  A non-White inhabitant of a region whose ancestors dispossessed the previous lot.
Nonconformist:  One who accepts progressive values without asking troublesome questions. Cf. conformist.
Nuclear weapon:  A weapon employing some form of atomic energy, used by fascist governments for purposes of aggression and by progressive governments to further the cause of peace.
One man, one vote:  A legal doctrine requiring that, from time to time, old gerrymanders be replaced with new ones. The object of this is the achievement of genuine democracy.
Organic:  Of foods, grown only with natural manures, etc., and with no chemical sprays, etc., hence free of harmful residues and of earthborne diseases or serious insect infestation, since surrounding lands have been artificially fertilized and chemically sprayed.
Peace:  The final solution of the fascist problem. Peaceful coexistence: A stage preliminary to peace, in which aggression is phased out and sacred liberation proceeds.
People:  (Always used with the definite article and often capitalized.) Those who support liberation. Hence everyone not a fascist is counted among them, whether he wants to be or not.
Personnel:  Members of a military or police organization, whether hostile or useful. Not to be confused with human beings.
Pig:  (1) An animal known for its value, intelligence, courage, self-reliance, kindly disposition, loyalty, and (if allowed to follow its natural bent) cleanliness. (2) A policeman. Cf. activist.
Plutocrat:  A citizen of a republic who, because of enormous wealth which he refuses to share with the poor, wields undue political power. Not to be confused with a Kennedy.
Poor:  (Always used with the definite article and often capitalized.) That class of persons who are defined by someone as possessing less than their rightful wealth and privilege. The progressive definition includes all non-fascist Black, Brown, Red, and Yellow persons, regardless of income.
Pot:  Marijuana. Must we go through that alcohol-tobacco-tranquilizers-are-legal routine again?
Prejudice:  Hostility or contempt for a person or group, on a purely class basis and regardless of facts. Not to be confused with judgment passed on enemies of the people (see conservative).
Progressive:  Conducive to liberation.
Property rights:  The alleged rights of persons who have earned or otherwise lawfully obtained property, or of taxpayers who have similarly acquired property which is then designated public, to be secure in the enjoyment thereof, irrespective of human rights.
Racist:  A White person who, when any Black person rings a bell, fails to salivate.
Reactionary:  Not progressive.
Red:  (1) Of American Indian descent; from the skin color, which ranges from brown to ivory. Not to be confused with Black, Brown, White, or Yellow, nor with “Mexican,” even though most Mexicans are of American Indian stock. (2) Struggling for liberation or struggling in its aftermath.
Repression:  Denial of the right of free speech, e.g., by refusal to provide a free rostrum for an activist, or the right of a free press, e.g., by refusing to print, televise, or stock in libraries every word of an activist, or the right to be heard, e.g., by mob action against an activist. Not to be confused with protection of the people from reactionary infection.
Republic:  A country whose government is chosen not on a basis of heredity or riches but by the electorate, from whom political power grows. People’s Republic: One in which the electorate consists of a gun barrel.
Self-determination:  The right of a culturally or ethnically distinct group to govern themselves, as in Biafra, East Pakistan, Goa, Katanga, the Sinai, Tibet, the Ukraine, etc.
Storm trooper:  A person who sacrifices and takes risks in a fascist cause. Cf. hero.
United Nations:  An international organization which employs Swedish, Indian, Irish, Canadian, etc. troops in other parts of the world than these so as to further self-determination.
White:  Of Caucasoid descent; from the skin color, which ranges from brown to ivory. Not to be confused with Black, Brown, Red, or Yellow.
Winds of change:  Poetic metaphor for the defeat of reactionary forces. Not applicable to any advance or restoration of these.
Women’s Liberation:  A movement which opposes male chauvinism.
Xenophobia:  Distrust of the ability of strangers to run your life for you.
Yellow:  Of Mongoloid descent; from the skin color, which ranges from brown to ivory. Not to be confused with Black, Brown, Red, or White.